An Examination of Anxiety and Communication Apprehension in Preschool Children Who Stutter
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چکیده
.................................................................................................................. 7 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 8 Theories of Stuttering ..................................................................................................... 8 Adulthood Anxiety and Stuttering ................................................................................ 13 Childhood Anxiety and Stuttering ................................................................................ 16 Cortisol and Stuttering .................................................................................................. 21 Statement of the Problem .............................................................................................. 27 METHOD .................................................................................................................... 29 Participants .................................................................................................................... 29 Anxiety Measures ......................................................................................................... 33 Data Collection Procedures ........................................................................................... 35 Data Analysis ................................................................................................................ 38 Reliability ...................................................................................................................... 38 RESULTS .................................................................................................................... 40 Language Measures ...................................................................................................... 40 Anxiety Measures ......................................................................................................... 41 Communication Apprehension Measures ..................................................................... 49 Correlational Analyses .................................................................................................. 50 Summary ....................................................................................................................... 56
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